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Nibihe bikoresho bikenewe mu nyubako nziza yo mu rwego rwo hejuru?

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Kubaka ibyumakoresha ibyuma nkibikoresho byambere bitwara imitwaro (nkibiti, inkingi, na trusses), byunganirwa nibikoresho bitaremereye nkibikoresho bya beto nibikoresho. Ibyiza byingenzi byibyuma, nkimbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoshye, hamwe nibishobora gukoreshwa, byatumye iba ikoranabuhanga ryingenzi mubwubatsi bugezweho, cyane cyane ku nyubako nini, ndende, n’inyubako zinganda. Ibyuma byubaka bikoreshwa cyane muri stade, ahazabera imurikagurisha, mu bicu, mu nganda, ku biraro, no mubindi bikorwa.

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Imiterere nyamukuru

Imiterere yimiterere yinyubako yubatswe igomba guhitamo ukurikije imikorere yubwubatsi (nka span, uburebure, numutwaro). Ubwoko busanzwe nibi bikurikira:

Imiterere Ihame shingiro Ikoreshwa Urubanza rusanzwe
Imiterere y'amakadiri Igizwe n'ibiti n'inkingi bihujwe binyuze mu ngingo zikomeye cyangwa zifatanije kugira ngo zikore ikadiri ya planari, itwara imitwaro ihagaritse n'imizigo itambitse (umuyaga, umutingito). Inyubako nyinshi / igorofa ndende yububiko bwibiro, amahoteri, ibyumba (mubisanzwe bifite uburebure bwa m 100m). Ubushinwa World Trade Center umunara 3B (ikadiri igice)
Imiterere ya Truss Igizwe nabanyamuryango bagororotse (urugero, inguni zinguni, ibyuma bizunguruka) byakozwe mubice bitatu. Ikoresha ituze rya mpandeshatu kugirango yimure imizigo, itanga imbaraga zo gukwirakwiza imbaraga. Inyubako nini-ndende (span: 20-100m): siporo, inzu zerekana imurikagurisha, amahugurwa y'uruganda. Igisenge cya Stade yigihugu (Icyari cyinyoni)
Umwanya Truss / Lattice Igikonoshwa Byakozwe nabanyamuryango benshi batunganijwe muburyo busanzwe (urugero, inyabutatu iringaniye, kare) mumurongo wa interineti. Imbaraga zikwirakwizwa ahantu hatandukanye, zifasha ahantu hanini ho gukwirakwiza. Inyubako nini-nini cyane (span: 50-200m): ibibuga byindege, ibigo byabereye. Igisenge cya Guangzhou Baiyun Ikibuga cyindege 2
Urubuga Rigid Imiterere Imiterere Igizwe nurwego rukomeye rwinkingi nimirongo kugirango ikore "irembo" -ikadiri. Inkingi zifatizo zisanzwe zifunze, zibereye kwikorera imitwaro yoroheje. Inganda zamagorofa imwe, inganda, ububiko bwibikoresho (span: 10-30m). Amahugurwa yumusaruro wuruganda rwimodoka
Imiterere ya Cable-Membrane Koresha insinga zikomeye cyane (urugero, insinga zicyuma) nkurwego rwo kwikorera imitwaro, rutwikiriwe nibikoresho byoroshye (urugero, PTFE membrane), byerekana itumanaho ryoroheje hamwe nubushobozi bunini bwa span. Inyubako nyaburanga, imyitozo ngororamubiri ishyigikiwe n'umwuka, sitasiyo yishyurwa. Inzu yo koga ya Shanghai ya Siporo y'Iburasirazuba
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Ibikoresho by'ingenzi

Ibyuma byakoreshejweinyubako zubakabigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe kubintu bisabwa byubatswe, ibyashizweho, hamwe nigiciro-cyiza. Bishyizwe mubyiciro bitatu: amasahani, imyirondoro, n'imiyoboro. Ibyiciro byihariye nibiranga nibi bikurikira:

I. Isahani:
1. Ibyapa bibyibushye
2. Amasahani aciriritse
3. Ibyapa bishushanyije

II. Umwirondoro:
)
1. I-beam (harimo H-beam)
2. Umuyoboro wumuyoboro (C-beam)
3. Icyuma gifatika (L-beam)
4. Icyuma kibase
)
1. C-ibiti bikonje
2. Z-ibiti bikonje
3. Imiyoboro ikonje ikonje kandi imiyoboro y'urukiramende

III. Imiyoboro:
1. Imiyoboro y'icyuma idafite icyerekezo
2. Imiyoboro y'icyuma isudira
3. Imiyoboro isudira
4. Imiyoboro idasanzwe ifite ibyuma

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Imiterere y'ibyuma ni byiza

Imbaraga Zirenze, Uburemere bworoshye: Imbaraga zicyuma kandi zogukomeretsa zisumba cyane beto (hafi inshuro 5-10 za beto). Urebye ibisabwa bimwe bitwara imitwaro, ibyuma byubaka ibyuma birashobora kuba bito mubice byoroheje kandi byoroheje muburemere (hafi 1 / 3-1 / 5 byubatswe na beto).

Ubwubatsi bwihuse ninganda zikomeye: Imiterere y'ibyumaibice (nka H-beam hamwe nagasanduku k'inkingi) birashobora kuba bisanzwe kandi bigakorerwa mu nganda zifite milimetero-yuzuye. Bakenera gusa gusudira cyangwa gusudira kugirango bateranirizwe aho, bikuraho igihe cyo gukira nka beto.

Imikorere myiza ya Seismic: Ibyuma byerekana guhindagurika cyane (ni ukuvuga, birashobora guhinduka cyane munsi yumutwaro bitavunitse gitunguranye). Mugihe cya nyamugigima, ibyuma byubaka ingufu binyuze mumiterere yabyo, bikagabanya ibyago byo gusenyuka muri rusange.

Gukoresha Umwanya muremure.

Ibidukikije byangiza ibidukikije kandi birashobora gukoreshwa cyane: Icyuma gifite kimwe mu bipimo byo gutunganya cyane ibikoresho byubaka (hejuru ya 90%). Ibyuma byashenywe birashobora gusubirwamo no gukoreshwa, kugabanya imyanda yo kubaka.

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Aderesi

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Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-01-2025
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