Mu gihe tuva ahantu hamwe tujya ahandi, akenshi dufata nk'aho ari urusobe rw'ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi bituma gari ya moshi zikora neza kandi neza. Ishingiro ry'ibi bikorwa remezo ni imiyoboro y'ibyuma, igize igice cy'ingenzi cy'inzira za gari ya moshi. Mu bwoko butandukanye bw'imiyoboro y'ibyuma ihari, iyubahiriza amahame ya BS igira uruhare runini mu kwemeza umutekano n'ubwizerwe bwa sisitemu za gari ya moshi.
Gari ya moshi isanzwe y'icyuma ya BS, izwi kandi nka British Standard Rails, yakozwe kandi ikanakorwa hakurikijwe amabwiriza yashyizweho n'Ikigo cy'Ubuziranenge cy'Ubwongereza (BSI). Izi nzira zakozwe kugira ngo zihuze n'ibisabwa mu rwego rwo kugenzura no gukora neza, bigatuma ziba amahitamo y'ingenzi mu mishinga yo kubaka no kubungabunga gari ya moshi. Gukurikiza amabwiriza ya BS bisobanura kwiyemeza gukora neza, kuramba, no gukora neza mu buryo buhoraho inzira z'ibyuma, amaherezo bikagira uruhare mu kunoza no mu mutekano w'imikorere ya gari ya moshi.
Kimwe mu byiza by'ingenzi by'imiyoboro y'ibyuma isanzwe ya BS ni imbaraga zayo zidasanzwe no kuramba kwayo. Iyi miyoboro yubatswe hakoreshejwe ibikoresho by'icyuma byiza kandi ikorerwa igeragezwa rikomeye kugira ngo irebe ko ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye, ikirere gikabije, no kwangirika kwayo guhoraho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, itanga ubudahangarwa budasanzwe mu guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere, kwangirika no kwangirika, bityo yongere igihe cyo kubaho cy'inzira za gari ya moshi kandi igagabanya gukenera gusimburwa cyangwa gusanwa kenshi. Uku kuramba ni ingenzi mu kubungabunga ubuziranenge bw'ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi no gukumira ihungabana rya serivisi za gari ya moshi.
| BS11: 1985 gari ya moshi isanzwe | |||||||
| icyitegererezo | Ingano (mm) | ibikomoka ku kintu | ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho | uburebure | |||
| ubugari bw'umutwe | uburebure | ikibaho cy'ibanze | uburebure bw'ikibuno | (kg/m2) | (m) | ||
| A(mm) | B(mm) | C(mm) | D(mm) | ||||
| 500 | 52.39 | 100.01 | 100.01 | 10.32 | 24.833 | 700 | 6-18 |
| 60 A | 57.15 | 114.3 | 109.54 | 11.11 | 30.618 | 900A | 6-18 |
| 60R | 57.15 | 114.3 | 109.54 | 11.11 | 29.822 | 700 | 6-18 |
| 70 A | 60.32 | 123.82 | 111.12 | 12.3 | 34.807 | 900A | 8-25 |
| 75 A | 61.91 | 128.59 | 14.3 | 12.7 | 37.455 | 900A | 8-25 |
| 75R | 61.91 | 128.59 | 122.24 | 13.1 | 37.041 | 900A | 8-25 |
| 80 A | 63.5 | 133.35 | 117.47 | 13.1 | 39.761 | 900A | 8-25 |
| 80 R | 63.5 | 133.35 | 127 | 13.49 | 39.674 | 900A | 8-25 |
| 90 A | 66.67 | 142.88 | 127 | 13.89 | 45.099 | 900A | 8-25 |
| 100A | 69.85 | 152.4 | 133.35 | 15.08 | 50.182 | 900A | 8-25 |
| 113A | 69.85 | 158.75 | 139.7 | 20 | 56.398 | 900A | 8-25 |
Uretse kuba byubakwa neza,imigozi y'icyumabyagenewe guhuza neza n'ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira imiterere n'imiterere y'igipimo. Uru rwego rw'ubuziranenge ni ingenzi cyane mu gutuma gari ya moshi zigenda neza kandi zihamye ku nzira. Mu kubahiriza amabwiriza ya BS, izi nzira zikorwa zifite imiterere ihamye, zigororotse, kandi zigororotse, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi mu kugabanya ubusumbane mu nzira no kubungabunga imikoranire myiza hagati y'ibiziga bya gari ya moshi n'inzira. Imiterere nyayo y'inzira zisanzwe za BS zigira uruhare mu mutekano rusange no mu buryo bwiza mu ngendo za gari ya moshi, bigabanya ibyago byo kwangirika kw'inzira no kongera imikorere myiza y'umuyoboro wa gari ya moshi.
Byongeye kandi, kubahiriza amahame ya BS bituma imiyoboro y'ibyuma igenzurwa neza mu gihe cyose cyo kuyikora. Kuva ku guhitamo ibikoresho fatizo kugeza ku igenzura rya nyuma ry'imiyoboro irangiye, gukurikiza amahame fatizo byemeza ko imiyoboro yujuje imiterere isabwa ya mekanike, imiterere ya chimique, n'imikorere. Uru rwego rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge ni ingenzi mu gutuma habaho icyizere mu kwizerwa no gukora neza kwa miyoboro y'ibyuma isanzwe ya BS, bigatuma abakora muri gari ya moshi n'abayobozi b'ibikorwa remezo bizezwa ko imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi izakomeza kubahiriza ibisabwa mu mirimo ya gari ya moshi ikomeye.
Akamaro k'imiyoboro y'ibyuma isanzwe ya BS karenze imiterere yayo ifatika, kuko inagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere imikoranire no gushingira ku mikorere myiza mu nganda za gari ya moshi ku isi. Mu kubahiriza amahame yemewe kandi yubahwa nka BS standard, imishinga y'ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi ishobora kungukirwa no guhuza ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho biguruka, sisitemu z'ibimenyetso, n'ibikoresho byo kubungabunga byagenewe guhuza neza imiyoboro yujuje ibisabwa bimwe. Uku guhuza ibikorwa byo koroshya inzira zo kugura, gushyiraho no kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi, amaherezo biganisha ku kuzigama ikiguzi no kunoza imikorere y'abakora gari ya moshi n'abayobozi.
Mu gusoza, ikoreshwa rya BSGari ya moshi isanzweni ingenzi cyane mu iterambere, kwagura no kubungabunga ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi bigezweho. Izi gari ya moshi zikubiyemo amahame y’ubwiza, kuramba, ubushishozi, no gukorana, byose bikaba ari ingenzi mu gutuma imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi ikora neza kandi mu mutekano. Mu gihe icyifuzo cy’imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi yizewe kandi ikora neza gikomeje kwiyongera, uruhare rw’imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi isanzwe ya BS mu gushyiraho ahazaza ho gutwara gari ya moshi ntirushobora kurengwa. Mu kubahiriza amahame yashyizweho n’Ikigo cy’Ubuziranenge cy’Ubwongereza, inganda za gari ya moshi zishobora gukomeza kwishingikiriza ku bushobozi bwagaragajwe bw’imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi isanzwe ya BS mu gushyigikira urujya n’uruza rw’abantu n’ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwizewe kandi bwizewe.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-23-2024