Amakuru - ubwihindurize bw'imikoreshereze y'icyuma: Kuva mu mpinduramatwara y'inganda ku bikorwa remezo bigezweho

Amashanyarazibagize uruhare rukomeye mu guhindura ibikorwa remezo by'isi, kuvugurura ubwikorezi no guharanira iterambere ry'ubukungu. Kuva mu minsi ya mbere y'impinduramatwara y'inganda ku bihe bigezweho, ubwihindurize bw'imikoreshereze y'ibyuma bwabaye Isezerano ku bungarugero bwa muntu n'ubuhanga bw'ubwubatsi.

Amateka ya gari ya moshi irashobora kuva mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19 igihe icyifuzo cyo gutwara abantu mu mutwe cyagabanyije iterambere rya gari ya moshi. Mbere yo gutangiza imikino isenyuka, gariyamoshi y'ibiti byakoreshwaga, ariko byakunze kwambara no gutanyagura, bigabanya umuvuduko n'ubushobozi bwa gari ya moshi. Kugaruka kwa rali yicyuma byanze bikunze, kuko basabye kuramba, bituma kwagura imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi no gutwara abantu baremereye.

Mu mpinduramatwara y'inganda, umusaruro w'ibihugu bikozwe imbere, ukesheje udushya mubikorwa byo gukora ibyuma. Inzira ya Shessermer, yateye imbere muri 1850, yahinduwe umusaruro w'ibyuma ashobore kubyara umusaruro mwinshi kubyuma bihanitse ku giciro gito. Uru rugendo rwatanze inzira yo kwakirwa cyane na gari ya moshi, kuko bashishikajwe no gufungurwa kandi bigerwaho mumishinga yo kubaka gari ya moshi.

Kuramba no kwihangana kwagari ya moshibagize uruhare mu korohereza iterambere ry'inganda n'ubucuruzi. Ubushobozi bwa gari ya moshi kugirango buhangane imitwaro iremereye kandi bukaze ibidukikije byatumye ntangarurirwa ubwikorezi bwibicuruzwa nabagenzi hejuru yintera nini. Kubera iyo mpamvu, sisitemu ya gari ya moshi yabaye impaka mubukungu bwisi yose, akora nkumuntu wubucuruzi nubucuruzi.

Mubihe bigezweho, ubwihindurize bwimibare yicyuma bukomeje kugenda, bitwarwa niterambere mubikoresho byubumenyi nubuhanga. Gutezimbere imbaraga zimbaraga zisumbuye hamwe nuburyo bwo gukora bukomeye bwongeye kuzamura imikorere no kuramba kwa gari ya moshi. Udushya twafashije kubaka imiyoboro yihuta yo muri gari ya moshi no kwagura ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi kugirango duhuze ibyifuzo byisi ihindagurika vuba.

Akamaro kaAmashanyaraziMu bikorwa remezo bigezweho ntibishobora gukabya. Bakora imiyoboro ya sisitemu yo gutwara, guhuza imigi, uturere, n'ibihugu, no kuborohereza kugenda kwabantu nibicuruzwa. Byongeye kandi, imirongo ibyuma itera imbaraga zirambye mugutanga uburyo bwo gutwara ingufu, kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya karuki no kugabanya ubwinshi bwimodoka.

Urebye imbere, ejo hazaza h'ibihugu by'icyuma bikubiyemo no gutera imbere. Imbaraga z'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere zibanze ku kuzamura imikorere no kuramba muri sisitemu ya gari ya moshi, hamwe no gushimangira cyane kugabanya ingaruka z'ibidukikije no kunoza imikorere y'imikorere. Duhereye ku buhangane bwa gari ya moshi mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ibikorwa remezo byubwenge, ubwihindurize bwimibare yicyuma bwiteguye gukomeza guhinduranya ahantu nyaburanga hamwe na logistique.

Mu gusoza, ubwihindurize bw'imikoreshereze y'icyuma bwabaye urugendo rudasanzwe, kuva mu ntangiriro zabo zoroheje muri iyo mpinduramatwara y'inganda ku ruhare rwabo cyane mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho. Nk'isezerano ku guhanga udushya no gutera imbere, amabuye y'icyuma yahinduye uburyo duhuza no kwimuka, gushyira inzira z'ejo hazaza harambye kandi neza.