Amakuru - Iterambere ry'inzira z'ibyuma: Kuva ku mpinduramatwara y'inganda kugeza ku bikorwaremezo bigezweho

Inzira z'ibyumabyagize uruhare runini mu kugena ibikorwa remezo by’isi, guhindura ubwikorezi no gutuma ubukungu butera imbere. Kuva mu ntangiriro z’impinduramatwara y’inganda kugeza mu gihe cya none, iterambere ry’imiyoboro y’ibyuma ryabaye igihamya cy’ubuhanga bw’abantu n’ubuhanga mu by’ubwubatsi.

Amateka y’inzira z’ibyuma ashingiye ku ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 19, ubwo icyifuzo cy’uburyo bwiza bwo gutwara abantu cyateraga imbere inzira za gari ya moshi. Mbere y’uko inzira z’ibyuma zitangira gukoreshwa, inzira z’ibiti zakoreshwaga cyane, ariko zakundaga kwangirika no gucika, bigatuma umuvuduko n’ubushobozi bya gari ya moshi bigabanuka. Kuza kw’inzira z’ibyuma byagaragaje iterambere rikomeye, kuko zatangaga imbaraga n’ubudahangarwa, bigatuma habaho kwaguka kw’imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi no gutwara imizigo iremereye.

Mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara mu nganda, gukora imiyoboro y’ibyuma byateye imbere cyane, bitewe n’udushya mu mikorere y’ibyuma. Uburyo bwa Bessemer, bwashinzwe mu myaka ya 1850, bwahinduye umusaruro w’ibyuma bituma ibyuma byiza bitunganywa ku bwinshi ku giciro gito. Iri terambere ryatumye imiyoboro y’ibyuma ikoreshwa cyane, kuko yarushijeho guhenda kandi iboneka mu mishinga y’ubwubatsi bwa gari ya moshi.

Kuramba no kwihangana byaimiyoborobyagize uruhare runini mu koroshya iterambere ry'inganda n'ubucuruzi. Ubushobozi bw'ibyuma byo mu muhanda bwo kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye n'ibidukikije bikomeye byatumye biba ingenzi mu gutwara ibicuruzwa n'abagenzi mu ntera ndende. Kubera iyo mpamvu, sisitemu za gari ya moshi zabaye ingenzi mu bukungu bw'isi, zikaba inkingi y'ubuzima mu bucuruzi n'ubucuruzi.

Muri iki gihe cya none, iterambere ry’imiyoboro y’ibyuma rikomeje kwiyongera, bitewe n’iterambere mu bumenyi bw’ibikoresho n’ubw’ubuhanga. Iterambere ry’ibyuma bikomeye n’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora byarushijeho kunoza imikorere n’uburambe bw’imiyoboro y’ibyuma. Ubu bushya bwatumye hubakwa imiyoboro ya gari ya moshi yihuta ndetse no kwagura ibikorwa remezo bya gari ya moshi kugira ngo bihuze n’ibyo isi irimo ihinduka vuba.

Akamaro kaimigozi y'icyumaMu bikorwa remezo bigezweho ntabwo umuntu yakwirengagiza. Bigize inkingi y'ubwikorezi, bihuza imijyi, uturere n'ibihugu, kandi byoroshya urujya n'uruza rw'abantu n'ibintu. Byongeye kandi, imiyoboro y'ibyuma igira uruhare mu bikorwa birambye binyuze mu gutanga uburyo bwo gutwara abantu mu buryo bukoresha ingufu nke, kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kugabanya urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka.

Mu gihe urebye imbere, ahazaza h’inzira z’ibyuma bifite icyizere cy’iterambere rirushijeho kwiyongera. Ubushakashatsi n’iterambere byibanda ku kongera imikorere myiza no kurambye kwa sisitemu za gari ya moshi, hibandwa cyane ku kugabanya ingaruka ku bidukikije no kunoza imikorere. Kuva ku gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya gari ya moshi kugeza ku gushyira mu bikorwa ibisubizo by’ibikorwa remezo bigezweho, iterambere rya za gari ya moshi z’ibyuma ryiteguye gukomeza guhindura imiterere y’ubwikorezi n’ibijyanye n’ibikoresho.

Mu gusoza, iterambere ry’imiyoboro y’ibyuma ryabaye urugendo rutangaje, kuva mu ntangiriro zayo zoroshye mu gihe cy’impinduramatwara y’inganda kugeza ku ruhare rwazo rw’ingenzi mu bikorwa remezo bigezweho. Nk’igihamya cy’udushya n’iterambere ry’abantu, imiyoboro y’ibyuma yahinduye uburyo duhuza n’uburyo tugenda, ishyiraho inzira z’inzira kugira ngo hazabeho ubwikorezi burambye kandi bunoze.