Ikirundo cy'icyuma ni iki?
Urupapuro rw'icyumani ubwoko bwibyuma bifitanye isano. Ziza mubunini butandukanye no guhuza ibishushanyo, harimo kugororoka, umuyoboro, na Z-zambukiranya ibice. Ubwoko busanzwe burimo Larsen na Lackawanna. Ibyiza byabo birimo imbaraga nyinshi, koroshya gutwara mu butaka bukomeye, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kubakwa mumazi maremare, hiyongereyeho inkunga ya diagonal kugirango ikore akazu mugihe bibaye ngombwa. Zitanga ibintu byiza cyane birinda amazi, birashobora gukorwa muri cofferdams yuburyo butandukanye, kandi birashobora gukoreshwa, bigatuma bihinduka.
Itondekanya ryurupapuro rwicyuma
Urupapuro rwubukonje. Uburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro: Amabati mato (ubusanzwe 8mm kugeza kuri 14mm yubugari) akomeza kuzunguruka no gushingwa murusyo rukonje rukonje. Ibyiza: Ishoramari rito ry'umusaruro, igiciro gito cy'umusaruro, hamwe no kugenzura ibicuruzwa byoroshye. Ibibi: Ubunini bwa buri gice cyumubiri wikirundo ni kimwe, bigatuma bidashoboka guhitamo ibipimo byambukiranya ibice, bigatuma ibyuma byiyongera. Imiterere yibice bifatanye biragoye kubigenzura, ingingo ntizifite umutekano muke kandi ntizishobora guhagarika amazi, kandi umubiri wikirundo usanga ushwanyagurika mugihe ukoresheje.
Amabati ashyushye ashyushye: Ibirundo bishyushye bishyushye kurupapuro rwisi yose biza mubyiciro byinshi, harimo U-U, Z-shusho, AS-AS, na H, hamwe nibisobanuro byinshi. Gukora, gutunganya, no gushiraho ibirundo by'ibyuma bya Z- na AS biragoye kandi bikoreshwa cyane cyane muburayi no muri Amerika. Ibirundo by'icyuma U-byiganje mu Bushinwa. Igikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro: Byakozwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzunguruka ku ruganda rukora ibyuma. Ibyiza: Ibipimo bisanzwe, imikorere isumba iyindi, gushyira mu gaciro byambukiranya imipaka, ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, hamwe na kashe ifatanye kugirango amazi atagaragara. Ibibi: Ingorane za tekiniki, ibiciro byumusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nurwego ntarengwa.
Ikoreshwa ryurupapuro rwicyuma
Gucunga imigezi:Mu kwagura imigezi, gutobora, cyangwa imishinga yo gushimangira inkombe, ibirundo by'ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa mu kubaka inkuta zigumaho cyangwa zihoraho kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yatemba ndetse n’imisozi igwa, bigatuma ahantu hubakwa humye kandi hatuje.
Kubaka Icyambu na Terminal:Zikoreshwa mukubaka inyubako nkurukuta rwa dock namazi. Ibirundo by'ibyuma birashobora kwihanganira ingaruka ziterwa n’isuri, bigatanga umusingi uhamye no kurinda ibikoresho bya dock.
Inkunga yo mu rwobo: U Shapura impapurozikoreshwa kenshi nkibikoresho byo gushyigikira gucukura umwobo wimishinga yo kubaka nu miyoboro yo munsi.
Ubwubatsi bwa Underground:Ibirundo by'ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa mubufasha bwigihe gito cyangwa nkigice cyamazu ahoraho mukubaka inzira zubutaka hamwe na tunel.
Gushiraho imiyoboro:Ibirundo by'ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyigikira ubucukuzi bw'imyobo yo gushyira amazi yo mu kuzimu n'imiyoboro ya gaze.
Kurwanya Umwuzure no Kuvoma:Mugihe cyimvura cyangwa umwuzure, ibirundo byibyuma birashobora kubaka byihuse inzitizi zumwuzure zigihe gito kugirango birinde amazi yumwuzure kwibasira imijyi mito mito cyangwa ibigo bikomeye.
Kubaka uruganda rutunganya umwanda:Ibirundo by'ibyuma birashobora gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho bifasha urufatiro mu iyubakwa ry'ibigega, imyanda, n'ibindi bikoresho biri mu nganda zitunganya imyanda.
Imyanda:Ibirundo by'ibyuma bikoreshwa mukubaka inkuta zaciwe. Zirinda neza imyanda kwinjira mu butaka n’amazi yo mu kuzimu, bikagabanya umwanda w’ibidukikije.
Inyungu z'urupapuro rw'icyuma
1. Gukemura no gukemura ibibazo bitandukanye bivuka mugihe cyo gucukura.
2. Koroshya ubwubatsi no kugabanya igihe cyo kubaka.
3. Kugabanya umwanya wibisabwa kubikorwa byubwubatsi.
4. Gukoresha ibirundo by'ibyuma bitanga umutekano ukenewe kandi ni mugihe gikwiye (kubutabazi).
5. Gukoresha ibirundo by'ibyuma ntibibujijwe nikirere. Gukoresha impapuro z'ibyuma byoroshya inzira igoye yo kugenzura imikorere cyangwa sisitemu, kwemeza guhuza n'imikorere, guhinduranya, no kongera gukoreshwa.
6. Isubirwamo kandi irashobora gukoreshwa, kuzigama amafaranga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2025