Amakuru - Kuki imirundo y'ibyuma ikoreshwa cyane?

Mu gihe imijyi ku isi yose yihatira kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo bishaje no kubaka inyubako nshya z'imijyi,imirundo y'amabati y'icyumaByagaragaye nk'igisubizo gihindura ibintu—aho kwihuta mu gushyiraho ibikorwa byabo biba ari byo bituma imishinga ishyirwa mu bikorwa, bifasha ba rwiyemezamirimo kugabanya igihe cyo gukora imishinga mu gihe gahunda z'ubwubatsi mu mijyi zari zitoroshye.

ikirundo cy'icyuma cyakoreshejwe kigurishwa

Amakuru y’inganda aturuka mu Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga ry’Ubwubatsi bw’Ibyuma (GSCA) agaragaza ko 22% byiyongereyeho umwaka ushize muikirundo cy'impapuroikoreshwa mu mishinga yo mu mijyi mu 2024, ikubiyemo kwagura inzira zo munsi y'ubutaka, kuvugurura inkombe z'amazi, no gucukura cyane ku rufatiro rurerure. Bitandukanye n'inyubako zisanzwe zo kubungabunga sima zisaba ibyumweru byinshi zo gushya,imirundo y'ibyuma bigezweho— akenshi byakozwe kugira ngo bihuze n’ibipimo byihariye by’umushinga—bishobora guterwa mu butaka ku kigero cya metero 15 kugeza kuri 20 ku munsi, bigabanura igihe cyo kubaka aho hantu ho kubaka ho 30% by’impuzandengo.

“Iyubakwa ry’umujyi ntiritegereza—gutinda bivuze ko ibiciro bizamuka kandi bigahungabanya abaturage,” ibi byavuzwe na Maria Hernandez, injeniyeri mukuru w’ibikorwa remezo mu kigo cy’ubwubatsi cya EuroBuild kiri i Madrid. “Ku mushinga wacu uherutse kwagura metro i Barcelona, duhindukirira interlockingimirundo y'ibyuma bishyushye bizinzeku nkuta zirinda imiyoboro yo mu mazi ziciwe iminsi 12 mbere y’igihe cyo gucukura. Ibyo ni ingenzi cyane iyo ukorera mu duce dutandukanye dufite uburyo buke bwo kwinjiramo.

Ubujurire bwaimirundo y'amashukaIrarenga umuvuduko. Irangi ryazo ridashobora kwangirika (nk'ingufu zishyushye cyangwa polimeri) rituma ziramba mu bikorwa remezo by'igihe kirekire, mu gihe imiterere yazo ya modular ituma byoroshye kuzikuraho no kongera kuzikoresha mu mishinga y'ejo hazaza—bijyanye n'intego z'iterambere ry'imijyi ku isi. Urugero, mu kuvugurura inkombe ya Marina Bay muri Singapuru, imigozi y'impapuro yashyizweho mu 2023 kugira ngo ikomeze ubutaka bwasubiwemo izakoreshwa mu mushinga wo kurinda inkombe hafi muri 2025, bikagabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho ku kigero cya 40%.

Abashinzwe igenamigambi ry’umujyi nabo barabona ibyiza byo kunyura mu muhanda no ku buryo abantu benshi babasha kuwugeraho. I Toronto, umushinga wo kwagura imihanda mu gihembwe gishize wakoresheje amabati mu kubaka inkuta z’agateganyo ku gice cy’akazi. “Kubera ko ishyirwaho ryarangiye mu ijoro ritatu gusa, twirinze gufunga imihanda yose mu masaha y’akazi kenshi—ikintu kitari gushoboka iyo inkuta za sima zikozwe muri beto,” ibi byavuzwe n’umuvugizi w’ishami rishinzwe gutwara abantu n’ibintu i Toronto, James Liu.

Inganda zirimo gusubiza ku byifuzo bikomeje kwiyongera binyuze mu guhanga udushya. Mu ntangiriro z'uku kwezi, uruganda rw'ibyuma rw'Umuholandi, ArcelorMittal, rwashyize ahagaragara ubwoko bushya bw'ibikoresho byoroheje kandi bigumana imbaraga nyinshi ariko byoroshye gutwara no gushyiramo 15%, bigamije imishinga yo mu mijyi yo hagati aho imashini ziremereye zitagera ku mashini nini.

Impuguke mu nganda ziteganya ko iyi gahunda izihuta mu 2025, aho kwiyandikisha ku mashuka biteganijwe kwiyongeraho indi 18% mu gihe imijyi yo muri Aziya na Afurika yongera ishoramari mu bikorwa remezo. “Guteza imbere imijyi ntabwo bigabanuka, kandi ba rwiyemezamirimo bakeneye ibisubizo bihuza umuvuduko, umutekano, n’ubudahangarwa,” ibi byavuzwe n’umusesenguzi wa GSCA, Raj Patel. “Amashuka agenzura ibyo byose—kandi uruhare rwabo mu gushyiraho uburyo bwiza bwo kubaka imijyi ruzarushaho kuba runini.”