Amakuru - Inkomoko niterambere ryubaka ibyuma

Kuzamuka no kwiteza imbereinyubako zubakani ikintu cyingenzi cyagezweho mumateka yubwubatsi, kigaragaza iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi no kwihuta kugezweho. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, hamwe n’iterambere ry’impinduramatwara mu nganda no gukomeza gukura mu ikoranabuhanga ry’ibyuma, ibyuma byatangiye gukoreshwa buhoro buhoro mu bwubatsi. Ingero za mbere, nk'umunara wa Eiffel i Paris mu 1889 hamwe n'umunara wubatswe hejuru i New York mu 1902, werekanye ubushobozi bw'ibyuma mu bwubatsi kandi uhindura cyane imiterere n'imiterere y'inyubako.

Mu kinyejana cya 20, cyane cyane nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, kubaka ibyuma byatangiye iterambere riturika. Hamwe nihuta ryimijyi no kuzamuka kwubukungu, ibyifuzo byamazu maremare hamwe nuburebure burebure biriyongera. Kubera ibyiza byayoimbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoshyen'umuvuduko wubwubatsi bwihuse, imiterere yicyuma yahindutse ibikoresho byatoranijwe kumazu maremare, stade hamwe nubucuruzi bunini. Muri kiriya gihe, hubatswe inyubako nyinshi zishushanyije, nk'umunara wa Sears i Chicago ndetse na World Trade Center i New York. Izi nyubako ntizirenga gusa imipaka yuburebure bwa nyubako, ahubwo inasobanura neza umujyi skyline.

Hamwe nigihe cyashize, igishushanyo mbonera nubwubatsi bwinyubako zubaka ibyuma nabyo bihora bishya. Kugaragara kwicyuma gishya hamwe nikoranabuhanga rihuza byatumye igishushanyo mbonera cyinyubako cyoroha kandi gihindagurika, gishobora guhuza ibikenewe byimirimo itandukanye nuburanga. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere y’ibyuma mu kurwanya imitingito n’umuriro byatejwe imbere ku buryo bugaragara, byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa n’inyubako zigezweho kugira ngo umutekano ubeho.

Mu kinyejana cya 21, igitekerezo cyainyubako y'icyatsiyagiye izamuka buhoro buhoro, iteza imbere guhuza inyubako zubaka ibyuma niterambere rirambye. Imishinga myinshi itangiye gukoresha ibyuma bitunganyirizwa kandi bigakoresha ingufu nkeya kugirango bigabanye ingaruka kubidukikije. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ryubuhanga bwubwubatsi bwubwenge ryazanye kandi amahirwe mashya yinyubako zubaka ibyuma, kuzamura imikorere no guhumuriza inyubako binyuze mubuyobozi bwubwenge.

Muri rusange, kuzamuka no guteza imbere inyubako zubaka ibyuma ntibigaragaza gusaiterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu bwubatsi, ariko kandi iragaragaza impinduka zubukungu. Kuva mubikorwa byabo byambere byubushakashatsi kugeza ibishushanyo mbonera by'iki gihe, ibyuma byahindutse igice cyingenzi mumijyi igezweho. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe n’iterambere rya siyansi n’ikoranabuhanga rikomeje ndetse no gutandukanya ibikenerwa mu iyubakwa, biteganijwe ko inyubako z’ibyuma zizakomeza gutera imbere no guhangana n’ibibazo bishya n'amahirwe.