Amakuru - Inkomoko niterambere ryinyubako yicyuma

Kuzamuka no guteza imbereInyubakoni ikintu cyingenzi cyagezweho mumateka yubwubatsi, kwerekana iterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi no kwihutisha kuvuza. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19, hagamijwe kuvangura impinduramatwara y'inganda no gukura kw'ikoranabuhanga ry'ibyuma, imiterere y'icyuma yatangiye gukoreshwa buhoro buhoro mu rwego rwo kubaka. Ingero zo hambere, nk'umunara wa Eiffel i Paris mu 1889 n'umunara usenyutse i New York mu 1902, byerekanaga ubushobozi bw'icyuma mu kubaka kandi bahindura cyane imiterere n'imiterere y'inyubako.

Mu kinyejana cya 20, cyane cyane nyuma y'Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibyuma byicyuma byahitanye mu iterambere riturika. Hamwe no kwihutisha imijyi no gukira mubukungu, ibyifuzo byinyubako ndende ningendo ndende biriyongera. Kubera ibyiza byayoImbaraga nyinshi, uburemere bworoshyeKandi umuvuduko wihuse wubwubatsi, imiterere yicyuma yahindutse ibikoresho byatoranijwe kugirango inyubako zizamure hejuru, stade hamwe nibikoresho bikomeye byubucuruzi. Muri iki gihe, yubatswe inyubako nyinshi z'igishushanyo, nk'inararinge ya Sears muri Chicago na Centre y'ubucuruzi ku isi i New York. Izi nyubako ntizimena imipaka yuburebure gakondo, ariko nanone orpfine umujyi skyline.

Hamwe nigihe cyashize, igishushanyo mbonera nikintu cyubwubatsi inyubako yicyuma kandi gihora udushya. Hagaragaye Ihanga hamwe nikoranabuhanga risanzwe ryatumye igishushanyo cyinyubako gihinduka kandi gisanzwe, gishobora guhaza ibikenewe mumirimo itandukanye. Muri icyo gihe, imikorere y'imiterere y'icyuma mu bihe bidahwitse no kurwanya umuriro byarateye imbere cyane, kuzuza ibisabwa byinshi by'inyubako zigezweho z'umutekano.

Mu kinyejana cya 21, igitekerezo cyainyubako y'icyatsiBuhoro buhoro bwazamutse, guteza imbere guhuza inyubako inyubako niterambere rirambye. Imishinga myinshi itangiye gukoresha ibyuma byongeye gukoreshwa no kwemeza ibishushanyo mbonera byo hasi kugirango bigabanye ingaruka zabo ibidukikije. Byongeye kandi, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ry'ubwenge ryazanye amahirwe mashya ku nyubako y'ibyuma, kuzamura imikorere no guhumurizwa n'inyubako binyuze mu micungire y'ubwenge.

Muri rusange, kuzamuka no guteza imbere imiterere yicyuma bitunganiza gusaIterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryubwubatsi, ariko kandi agaragaza impinduka zubukungu bwimibereho. Ukurikije imiterere yabo yambere yubushakashatsi kuri uyumunsi syyscraver ya none, imiterere yicyuma yabaye igice cyingenzi mumijyi igezweho. Mugihe kizaza, hamwe nuburyo buhoraho bwa siyanse n'ikoranabuhanga ndetse no gutandukanya inyubako zubwubatsi, biteganijwe ko inyuza inyubako zibikenewe zikomeza guhinduka no guhangana n'ibibazo bishya n'amahirwe.