Vuba aha, ibiciro by'ibyuma by'agaciro nka aluminium n'umuringa muri Amerika byazamutse cyane. Iri hinduka ryakuruye imiraba ku isoko ryisi yose nkimpagarara, kandi ryazanye igihe cyinyungu zidasanzwe ku isoko rya aluminium n’umuringa ku Bushinwa. Aluminium, nkibikoresho fatizo byibanze bifite umwanya wingenzi mubukungu bwigihugu, bikoreshwa cyane mubice byinshi bitewe nibiranga byiza cyane nkuburemere bworoshye, imiterere ikomeye, imiyoboro myiza nubushyuhe bukomeye bwumuriro.Amasahani ya aluminium, aluminiumna aluminiumibishishwa, nkamashami yingenzi yibicuruzwa bya aluminiyumu, byanashimishije cyane muri iri soko rya aluminium na muringa. Ibikurikira, reka turebe byimbitse kuri ubu bwoko butatu bwibicuruzwa.
Umuyoboro wa Aluminium: urumuri, urwanya ruswa, kandi uhindagurika?
Imiyoboro ya Aluminiumni ubwoko bwicyuma kitari ferrous. Nibikoresho byuma byubatswe bikozwe muri aluminiyumu cyangwa aluminiyumu yuzuye binyuze mu gusohora kandi ni ubusa mu burebure bwayo bwose. Irashobora kugira kimwe cyangwa byinshi bifunze binyuze mu mwobo, kandi ubugari bwurukuta no kwambukiranya ibice ni bimwe kandi birahuye. Ubusanzwe itangwa mumurongo ugororotse cyangwa mumuzingo. ?
Hariho inzira nyinshi zo gutondekanya aluminium. Ukurikije imiterere, irashobora kugabanywamo ibice kare, imiyoboro izengurutse, imiyoboro ishushanyije, hamwe nigituba kidasanzwe; ukurikije uburyo bwo gusohora, hariho imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu idafite kashe hamwe nigituba gisanzwe gisohoka; ukurikije neza, igabanijwemo imiyoboro isanzwe ya aluminium na aluminiyumu yuzuye; ukurikije ubunini, hariho imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu isanzwe hamwe na aluminiyumu yoroheje. Imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu irwanya ruswa kandi yoroheje mu buremere, kandi ifite ibintu byiza byunamye kandi byoroshye gushiraho no kwimuka. ?
Mubikorwa bifatika, imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa cyane mumodoka, amato, ikirere, indege, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, ubuhinzi, amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byo munzu nizindi nganda. Kurugero, mubice byimodoka nindege, imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu ikoreshwa mugukora imiyoboro itandukanye nibice byubatswe bitewe nuburemere bwabyo nimbaraga nyinshi. Mu nganda zoguhumeka, imiyoboro ya aluminiyumu igira uruhare runini nko guhuza imiyoboro, kandi ifite ibyiza byingenzi mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gusudira, ubuzima bwa serivisi no kuzigama ingufu.
Isahani ya aluminium: imikorere itandukanye hamwe no kuyikoresha mugari
Amabati ya Aluminiumnigicuruzwa kimeze nka plaque ya aluminiyumu ikozwe nuruhererekane rwibikorwa nko kuzunguruka no gusohora ibikoresho bya aluminiyumu hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gutunganya plastiki. Kugirango hamenyekane imikorere yanyuma yisahani, ibicuruzwa byarangiye bigomba gutunganywa na annealing, igisubizo gikomeye hamwe nibindi bikorwa. ?
Uhereye ku byiciro, ibyapa bya aluminiyumu bigabanyijemo ibyiciro birambuye ukurikije ibivanze bya alloy, tekinoroji yo gutunganya, ubunini n'imiterere y'ubuso. Ukurikije ibikubiye mubintu bivanze, birashobora kugabanywamo ibice byinshi, nka 1 ×££ seriyeri yinganda ya aluminiyumu isukuye, isahani ya × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × × Ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro biroroshye kandi igiciro kirashoboka. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zisanzwe. Kurugero, isahani ya aluminiyumu 1050 ikoreshwa kenshi mugukora ibikenerwa bya buri munsi, ibyuma bishyushya nibindi bicuruzwa; 2 ×££ seriyeri ya aluminiyumu ifite ubukana bwinshi hamwe numuringa ugera kuri 3-5%. Bakoreshwa cyane mukibuga cyindege. Kurugero, amasahani ya aluminiyumu 2024 akoreshwa kenshi mugukora ibice byububiko bwindege. ?
Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga ryo gutunganya, isahani ya aluminiyumu irashobora kugabanywamo amasahani ya aluminiyumu akonje hamwe na plaque ya aluminiyumu ishyushye; ukurikije umubyimba, zirashobora kugabanywamo amasahani yoroheje hamwe nisahani yo hagati; ukurikije imiterere yubuso, birashobora kandi kugabanywamo amasahani meza hamwe na plaque ya aluminiyumu. Mubikorwa bifatika, isahani ya aluminiyumu irashobora kugaragara ahantu hose, uhereye kumatara, kumurika izuba, kugeza kubaka hanze, gushushanya imbere, kugeza mu kirere no mumirima ya gisirikare, plaque ya aluminiyumu igira uruhare rukomeye.
Igiceri cya aluminium: ibikoresho byingenzi mubikorwa byinganda
Igiceri cya Aluminiumnigicuruzwa cyicyuma gikoreshwa mugukata kuguruka nyuma yo kuzunguruka no kugunama nuruganda. Ibiceri bya aluminiyumu bikoreshwa cyane muri electronics, gupakira, kubaka, imashini nizindi nganda. ?
Ukurikije ibyuma bitandukanye birimo, ibishishwa bya aluminiyumu birashobora kugabanywamo ibice 9. Ibicuruzwa 1000 bya aluminiyumu bifite aluminiyumu nyinshi kandi birhendutse, kandi bikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zisanzwe; 2000 ya seriveri ya aluminiyumu ifite ubukana bwinshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubyindege; 3000 ya seriveri ya aluminiyumu ifite imikorere myiza yo kurwanya ingese kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mubidukikije nko guhumeka no gukonjesha; ibiceri 5000 bya aluminiyumu ni aluminium-magnesium ivanze n'ubucucike buke n'imbaraga nyinshi, kandi bikoreshwa mu ndege ndetse no mu nganda zisanzwe.
Iyo utunganya ibishishwa bya aluminiyumu, kubera ko silikoni igira ingaruka mbi kuri karbide ya sima, birakenewe guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye ukurikije ibirimo silikoni. Iyo ibirungo bya silicon birenze 8%, birasabwa gukoresha ibikoresho bya diyama; mugihe ibirungo bya silicon biri hagati ya 8% na 12%, byombi birashobora gukoreshwa ibikoresho bisanzwe bya karbide ya sima hamwe nibikoresho bya diyama, ariko mugihe ukoresheje ibikoresho bya karbide ya sima, ibikoresho byatunganijwe nuburyo bwa PVD, ntibirimo ibintu bya aluminium, kandi bigomba kuba bifite ubunini buke bwa firime.
Kuruhande rwubu kuzamuka kwizamuka rikabije ryibiciro bya aluminium nu muringa muri Amerika nigihe cyigihembo cya aluminium yubushinwa naumuringaisoko, isahani ya aluminium, umuyoboro wa aluminium, n’inganda za aluminiyumu nazo zatangije amahirwe mashya yiterambere. Ku ruhande rumwe, izamuka ryibiciro ryazanye umwanya wunguka ku mishinga; kurundi ruhande, hamwe niterambere ryiterambere rya siyanse nikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryinganda zinyuranye, icyifuzo cya plaque ya aluminium, umuyoboro wa aluminium, hamwe na coil ya aluminiyumu nacyo kiriyongera, cyane cyane mubice bigenda bigaragara nkingufu nshya n’ikirere. ?
Ariko, dukwiye kandi kumenya ko ihindagurika ryisoko hamwe nibidashidikanywaho bikiriho. Ibiciro bya aluminiyumu bigira ingaruka ku bintu byinshi, nk’ubukungu bw’isi ku isi, politiki n’amabwiriza, hamwe n’ibisabwa. Mu iterambere ry'ejo hazaza, inganda zo mu isahani ya aluminiyumu, umuyoboro wa aluminiyumu n'inganda za aluminiyumu zigomba gukomeza kunoza urwego rwa tekinike n'ubushobozi bwo guhanga udushya, kunoza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa no kuzamura ireme ry'ibicuruzwa kugira ngo bihuze neza n'imihindagurikire y'isoko kandi bigire umwanya mu marushanwa akomeye ku isoko. Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bigomba kandi kwita ku mikorere y’inganda, gushimangira imicungire y’ibyago no gusubiza mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro ibibazo bizanwa n’imihindagurikire y’isoko.
TWANDIKIRE KUBINTU BYINSHI
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-26-2025